Acoustic correlation is the gold standard for locating pressurized leaks in water mains, service lines, and fire-suppression systems. This guide explains the science and applications.
How acoustic correlation works
Two sensitive hydrophone sensors are placed on the same pipe at two access points. When water escapes under pressure, it creates a unique acoustic signature. The correlator measures the time delay of the sound reaching each sensor and calculates the leak position with millimeter accuracy using the pipe material's sound velocity.
When to use acoustic correlation
Best for: pressurized water mains, buried service lines, fire-suppression loops, long pipe runs (>100m), metallic and plastic pipes. Less effective for: low-pressure or gravity systems, short pipe runs (<10m), and pipes with multiple branches between access points.
Equipment we use
Gutermann AquaScan 620L and Sebakmt correlators — the same equipment used by municipal water authorities across BC. Hydrophone and accelerometer sensors for different pipe materials and access types.
Accuracy and range
Typical accuracy: within 30cm on pipe runs up to 1km. Accuracy depends on pipe material (metal conducts sound better than plastic), water pressure (higher = louder), soil conditions, and background noise. We regularly achieve sub-meter accuracy on municipal water mains.
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